TESSYS® – Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical System

Slipped discs are considered a widespread condition. Men are affected twice as often as women. Minimally invasive spinal surgery has developed into an alternative and reliable treatment method for a variety of spinal complaints. The TESSYS® method uses the lateral transforaminal endoscopic approach, which can generally be classified as an extremely patient-friendly surgical approach.

The TESSYS® Family

In order to cover the full range of indications, applications and patients, we offer TESSYS® in different variants.

TESSYS® Std

The standard instrument set contains the complete set of instruments (e.g. grasping, cutting and Endo-Kerrison punches) for safe minimally invasive access to the spinal canal and the removal of disc tissue, bone spurs or scar tissue.

The guiding rods and tubes are color-coded to simplify handling. Access to the pathology is achieved by gradual dilatation of the soft tissue under X-ray control. Dilation of the intervertebral foramen in the Kambin triangle is also performed in stages, either using color-coded crown reamers or bone drills (foraminotomy).

TESSYS® TransSAP

TESSYS® TransSAP is the fourth and newest member of the TESSYS® family. With its more comprehensive and efficient decompressions it complements the versatile TESSYS® Std, the TESSYS® XT with extended reach and the thoracic specific TESSYS® Thx.

The TransSAP method follows an adapted approach to the spine and targets the superior articular process directly. This enables more extensive foraminal decompression. As a result, it also provides the optimal basis for transforaminal endoscopic fusion.

TESSYS® Thx


According to the Wooridul Group

The differently shaped vertebrae and the spatial restrictions imposed by the ribs and the pleura present the surgeon with particular challenges when treating thoracic stenoses and herniated discs.

The TESSYS® Thx instrument set is suitable for these challenges, especially for central and paramedian stenoses and herniated discs.

The narrower endoscope shaft enables use in confined spaces and the larger optical angle offers an excellent view of all structures in the surgical field.

TESSYS® XT

The main difference between the XT version and the standard set is the longer working length of the XT version’s endoscope and working tubes. Due to the longer reach, it is also possible to treat very adipose patients.

The TESSYS® Surgery

The TESSYS® surgical method is used both in hospitals and outpatient surgery centers. With this method, the surgeon resects the herniated disc via the lateral access route through the intervertebral foramen. He therefore uses the natural route in-between the superior articular processes, the endplate of the lower vertebra and the nerve roots (Kambin triangle). Using special instruments, the surgeon gradually and gently enlarges the transforaminal approach step by step. Under endoscopic view sequestered disc material is removed completely and directly through the foramen.

Layout 1

The TESSYS® Surgery

The TESSYS® surgical method is used both in hospitals and outpatient surgery centers. With this method, the surgeon resects the herniated disc via the lateral access route through the intervertebral foramen. He therefore uses the natural route in-between the superior articular processes, the endplate of the lower vertebra and the nerve roots (Kambin triangle). Using special instruments, the surgeon gradually and gently enlarges the transforaminal approach step by step. Under endoscopic view sequestered disc material is removed completely and directly through the foramen.

Layout 1

To avoid irritation of the nerves in the foramen, the caudal part of the intervertebral foramen is widened step by step using special reamers. This is particularly important if the foramen is narrow due to the location of the disease or the age of the patient. In this case, bone material must be removed.

A TESSYS® operation can be performed in prone or lateral position. Patients can receive either general anesthesia or MAC. If the surgery is performed under MAC, patients are able to react immediately upon possible contact with neural elements. Many patients get up just a few hours after the surgery.

To avoid irritation of the nerves in the foramen, the caudal part of the intervertebral foramen is widened step by step using special reamers. This is particularly important if the foramen is narrow due to the location of the disease or the age of the patient. In this case, bone material must be removed.

A TESSYS® operation can be performed in prone or lateral position. Patients can receive either general anesthesia or MAC. If the surgery is performed under MAC, patients are able to react immediately upon possible contact with neural elements. Many patients get up just a few hours after the surgery.

Selected Indications

  • Herniated discs
  • Spinal stenosis
  • Degenerative disease of ligamentum flavum
  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • Dorsal facet joint cysts
joimax_TESSYS TransSAP_OP_Beschreibung_EN_TD_TEIS_13_GA_008_Rev001_2022-9_Final3

Selected Indications

  • Herniated discs
  • Spinal stenosis
  • Degenerative disease of ligamentum flavum
  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • Dorsal facet joint cysts
joimax_TESSYS TransSAP_OP_Beschreibung_EN_TD_TEIS_13_GA_008_Rev001_2022-9_Final3

Selected Indications

  • Herniated discs
  • Spinal stenosis
  • Degenerative disease of ligamentum flavum
  • Cauda equina syndrome
  • Dorsal facet joint cysts
joimax_TESSYS TransSAP_OP_Beschreibung_EN_TD_TEIS_13_GA_008_Rev001_2022-9_Final3

Any Questions about TESSYS®?

Our customer service team is happy to help!

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Innovative Solutions – Unique Benefits

  • Smaller incision
  • Less trauma/less scarring/better cosmesis
  • Reduced blood loss
  • Less pain
  • Improvement of pain and mobility, improved quality of life
  • Faster recovery time

Innovative Solutions – Unique Benefits

  • Smaller incision
  • Less trauma/less scarring/better cosmesis
  • Reduced blood loss
  • Less pain
  • Improvement of pain and mobility, improved quality of life
  • Faster recovery time

The TESSYS® Gallery

  • TESSYS Endoscope in Action Transforaminal Access

Disclaimers

Certain products may not be approved for sale in all countries.

Scientific Literature for TESSYS®

© Unsplash/Glenn Carstens-Peters | TESSYS

Selected Literature for TESSYS®

[1] Initial learning curve after switching to uniportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniations
Olinger C, Coffman A, Campion C, Thompson K, Gardocki R; Eur Spine J 2023

[2] A comparative study of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy and transforaminal discectomy for L5-S1 calcified lumbar disc herniation
Cheng Y-P, Cheng X-K, Wu H; BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2022) 23: 244

[3] Clinical efficacy of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar degenerative diseases: A minimum 6-year follow-up
Tang J, Li Y, Wu C, Xie W, Li X, Gan X, Lu Q; Front Surg (2022) 9: 1004709

[4] Comparison of Interlaminar and Transforaminal Approaches for Treatment of L5/S1 Disc Herniation by Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy
Gao A, Yang H, Zhu L, Hu Z, Lu B, Jin Q, Wang Y, Gu X; Orthop Surg (2021) 13: 63–70

[5] Comparative Analysis of Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy and Microscopic Discectomy for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation
Bae J, Kim J, Lee S-H, Kim J-S; Neurospine (2022) 19: 555–562

[6] Treatment of Refractory Multilevel Thoracic Spondylodiscitis Using Ultra-Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Approach for Debridement and Drainage: A Technical Note, Intraoperative Video and Literature Review
Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Telfeian A, Konakondla S; World Neurosurgery (2022)

[7] Full Endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Pathology: Next Step after Mastering Lumbar and Cervical Endoscopic Spine Surgery?
Bae J, Lee S-H, Wagner R, Shen J, Telfeian AE; BioMed Research International (2022): e8345736

[8] Endoscopic Spine Surgery of the Cervicothoracic Spine: A Review of Current Applications
Shen J, Shaaya E, Bae J, Telfeian AE; Int J Spine Surg (2021) 15: S93–S103

[9] Full endoscopic surgery for thoracic pathology: an assessment of supportive evidence
Gibson R, Wagner R, Gibson A; EOR, volume 6, January 2021

[10] Fully Endoscopic 360° Decompression Surgery for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis: Technical Note and Report of 8 Cases
Shen J, Telfeian AE; Pain Physician (2020) 23: E659–E663

[11] Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Decompression for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis Under Local Anesthesia
Cheng X-K, Chen B; World Neurosurgery (2020) 139: 488–494

Further Literature for TESSYS®

  • Sofoluke N, Leyendecker J, Hofstetter CP, Konakondla S. Full endoscopic resection of ventral thoracic osteophyte and repair of spontaneous CSF leak. Neurosurgical Focus: Video 2024; 10: V17.
  • Terkelsen JH, Hundsholt T, Bjarkam CR. Lumbar percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective survey on the first 172 adult patients treated in Denmark. Acta Neurochir 2024; 166: 155.
  • Shen J, Park DK, Telfeian AE. Thoracic Spine Endoscopic Techniques. Seminars in Spine Surgery 2024; : 101085.
  • Hagel V, Dymel F, Werle S, Barrera V, Farshad M. Combined endoscopic and microsurgical approach for the drainage of a multisegmental thoracolumbar epidural abscess: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2023; 6: CASE23230.
  • Kim HS, Wu PH, Jang I-T. Technical note on Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with reduction for grade 2 spondylolisthesis. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2020; 21: 100712.
  • Şentürk S, Ünsal ÜÜ. Percutaneous endoscopic translaminar approach in a patient with pedicle screw malposition and cement leakage. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37: 1157–1159.
  • Derman PB, Rogers-LaVanne MP, Satin AM. Collagen Matrix Inlay Graft for Management of Incidental Durotomy During Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: Technique and Case Series. Int J Spine Surg 2023; 17: 399–406.
  • Telfeian AE, Wagner R. Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy: surgical technique. Journal of Spine Surgery 2023; 9: 166–175.
  • Gardocki RJ, Chandler PJ, Vaughan WE, Zuckerman SL, Abtahi AM, Stephens BF. Endoscopic transforaminal treatment of a thoracic perineural cyst: a case report. Eur Spine J 2023. doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07582-y.
  • Olinger C, Coffman A, Campion C, Thompson K, Gardocki R. Initial learning curve after switching to uniportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniations. Eur Spine J 2023. doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07583-x.
  • Wang Y, Wu J, Wang T, Liu Y, Jiang M, Wang Z et al. Modified lumbar foraminoplasty using a power-aided reciprocating burr for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy: A technical note and clinical report. Front Surg 2023; 9: 1091187.
  • wang. Postoperative Upper-limb Palsy After Posterior Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy and Discectomy. https://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/abstracts?article=NzU5Ng%3D%3D (accessed 15 Nov2022).
  • Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Assisted With Sequential SNRB in Treating Lumbosacral Contiguous Double-Level Disc Herniation. https://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/abstracts?article=NzU1OA%3D%3D (accessed 27 Oct2022).
  • Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Mongelluzzo G, Weiner GM, Hofstetter C et al. Full Endoscopic Repair of Spontaneous Ventral CSF Leaks in the Spine: Systematic Review of Surgical Treatment Options and Illustrative Case. World Neurosurgery 2022. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.039.
  • Tang J, Li Y, Wu C, Xie W, Li X, Gan X et al. Clinical efficacy of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar degenerative diseases: A minimum 6-year follow-up. Front Surg 2022; 9: 1004709.
  • Lee J-K, Chung S-W, Lee S-H, Shin Y-H, Park C-H. Comparative Study of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy for Treating Cauda Equina Syndrome. J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech 2022. doi:10.21182/jmisst.2022.00542.
  • Hagan MJ, Remacle T, Leary OP, Feler J, Shaaya E, Ali R et al. Navigation Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery. BioMed Research International; : 12.
  • Krzok G. Transpedicular Endoscopic Surgery for Highly Downmigrated L5-S1 Disc Herniation. Case Rep Med 2019; 2019: 5724342.
  • Bing N, Tao D, Wei S, Guang L, Hongwei Z. Percutaneous Endoscopic C2-C3 Medial Branches Neurotomy for Cervicogenic Headache. World Neurosurgery 2019; 126: 498–501.
  • Wu B, Xiong C, Huang B, Zhao D, Yao Z, Yao Y et al. Clinical Outcomes of TESSYS and TESSYS-ISEE Approach on Treatment of Lateral Recess Stenosis: A Comparison Study. In Review, 2020 doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-44921/v1.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Ali R, Cielo D, Gokaslan ZL. A Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Technique for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Setting of Spina Bifida. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2020; 2020: 1–6.
  • Liu X, Peng Y, Pei L, Zhu Y. Sufficient Lumbar Lateral Recess Decompression Acquired by Undercutting “Superior Articular Process Neck” Plus Intervertebral Disk Annuloplasty in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26. doi:10.12659/MSM.921119.
  • Giordan E, Del Verme J, Coluzzi F, Canova G, Billeci D. Full-endoscopic transpedicular discectomy (FETD) for lumbar herniations: Case report and review of the literature. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2020; 72: 137–141.
  • Telfeian AE, Doberstein C, Oyelese AA, Fridley J, Donahue JE, Gokaslan Z. A Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach for Treatment of a Lumbar Perineural Cyst: Technical Note. World Neurosurgery 2019; 127: 85–91.
  • Shu W, Zhu H, Liu R, Li Y, Du T, Ni B et al. Posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical foraminotomy and discectomy for degenerative cervical radiculopathy using intraoperative O-arm imaging. wiitm 2019; 14: 551–559.
  • Hagan MJ, Telfeian AE, Sastry R, Ali R, Lewandrowski K-U, Konakondla S et al. Awake transforaminal endoscopic lumbar facet cyst resection: technical note and case series. J Neurosurg Spine 2022; : 1–8.
  • Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Telfeian A, Konakondla S. Treatment of refractory multilevel thoracic spondylodiscitis using ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic approach for debridement and drainage: a technical note, intraoperative video and literature review. World Neurosurgery 2022. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.08.034.
  • Bajaj A, Telfeian AE. Pediatric Applications of Endoscopic Spine Surgery. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2022; : 101642.
  • Krzok G, Telfeian AE, Wagner R, Iprenburg M. Transpedicular endoscopic surgery for lumbar spinal synovial cyst-report of two cases. J Spine Surg 2016; 2: 310–313.
  • Kim J, Lee DC, Kim TH, Park CK. Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Contralateral Lumbar Foraminotomy for Recurrent L5-S1 Foraminal-extraforaminal Stenosis: A Case Report with a Technical Note. J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech 2022. doi:10.21182/jmisst.2022.00528.
  • Percutaneous full-endoscopic C2 ganglionectomy for the treatment of intractable occipital neuralgia: technical feasibility and preliminary results. 2022. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1755585/v1.
  • Telfeian AE, Bajaj A, Sastry R, Ali R, Oyelese A, Fridley J et al. Foraminal Access Strategies in Patients with Lumbar Posterolateral Fusions in Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Case Series and Technical Note. Pain Physician 2022; : 8.
  • Bae J, Lee S-H, Wagner R, Shen J, Telfeian AE. Full Endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Pathology: Next Step after Mastering Lumbar and Cervical Endoscopic Spine Surgery? BioMed Research International 2022; 2022: e8345736.
  • Kravtsov MN, Manukovsky VA, Mirzametov SD, Malysheva OV, Averyanov DA, Svistov DV. Percutaneous Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Removal of Neurinoma of the Fifth Lumbar Nerve Root With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: A Case Report. Front Surg 2022; 9: 877974.
  • Moraes Amato MC, Aprile BC, Esteves LA, Carneiro VM, Oliveira RS de. Full Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy: Is the Interlaminar Approach an Alternative to the Transforaminal Approach? A Technical Note. Int J Spine Surg 2022; 16: 309–317.
  • Xiao C, Yin W, Zhao K, Luo J, Huang W, Liu W. Early Clinical Efficacy of Endo-TLIF in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation. Z Orthop Unfall 2022. doi:10.1055/a-1795-4038.
  • Telfeian AE, Sastry R, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Camara-Quintana JQ, Niu T et al. Awake, Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery in Octogenarians: Case Series. Pain Physician 2022; 25: E255–E262.
  • Yao S, Ouyang B, Lu T, Chen Q, Luo C. Treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy: Short-term outcomes of 24 cases. Medicine 2020; 99: e20216.
  • Telfeian AE. Transforaminal endoscopic solution to disk reherniation post-mini-TLIF: Case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 131: 69–71.
  • Jasper GP, Francisco GM, Telfeian AE. Clinical success of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with foraminotomy: A retrospective evaluation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115: 1961–1965.
  • Wagner R, Telfeian AE, Iprenburg M, Krzok G, Gokaslan Z, Choi DB et al. Transforaminal Endoscopic Foraminoplasty and Discectomy for the Treatment of a Thoracic Disc Herniation. World Neurosurg 2016; 90: 194–198.
  • Youn MS, Shon MH, Seong YJ, Shin JK, Goh TS, Lee JS. Clinical and radiological outcomes of two-level endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy. Eur Spine J 2017; 26: 2450–2458.
  • Yang H, Li P, Jia N, Jin X, Ding W, Zhang W. Effect and effectiveness analysis of different approaches of transforaminal endoscope on extirpation amount of nuclues pulposus. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32: 933–940.
  • Kosztowski TA, Choi D, Fridley J, Galgano M, Gokaslan Z, Oyelese A et al. Lumbar disc reherniation after transforaminal lumbar endoscopic discectomy. Ann Transl Med 2018; 6: 106.
  • Choi K-C, Lee JH, Kim J-S, Lee DC, Park CK. Combination of Transforaminal and Interlaminar Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy for Extensive Down-migrated Disk Herniation. J Neurol Surg Part A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2018; 79: 60–65.
  • Yang H, Li P, Jia N, Wang J, Jin X. Comparison of different transforaminal endoscope approaches in treatment of serious lumbar disc herniation. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 34: 300–307.
  • Xu Z, Zheng J-C, Sun B, Zhang K, Wang Y-H, Shi C-G et al. Bi-needle technique versus transforaminal endoscopic spine system technique for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in treating intervertebral disc calcification: a propensity score matched cohort analysis. Br J Neurosurg 2020; : 1–6.
  • Manson J. Endoscopic spine surgery – Now and looking towards the future. Eur Musculoskelet Rev 2012; 7: 82–86.
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  • Wu J, Yu B, He B, Liu G, Ju J, Zhu J. Outcome Predictors of the Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System Technique for Single-level Lumbar Disk Herniation. J Neurol Surg Part A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2018; 79: 285–290.
  • Telfeian AE, Jasper GP, Francisco GM. Transforaminal endoscopic treatment of lumbar radiculopathy after instrumented lumbar spine fusion. Pain Physician 2015; 18: 179–184.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Doberstein C, Gokaslan ZL. Prognosis for recovery of foot drop after transforaminal endoscopic decompression of far lateral lumbar 5-sacral 1 herniated disc: Case series. Pain Phys 2019; 22: E97–E103.
  • Jin M, Zhang J, Shao H, Liu J, Huang Y. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar diseases: A consecutive case series with mean 2-year follow-up. Pain Phys 2020; 23: 165–174.
  • Jin M, Xu G, Shen T, Zhang J, Shao H, Liu J et al. Minimally invasive surgery for low-grade spondylolisthesis: Percutaneous endoscopic or oblique lumbar interbody fusion. J Comp Eff Res 2020; 9: 639–650.
  • Bae J, Lee S-H. Percutaneous endoscopic thoracic discectomy on upper thoracic spine. Global Spine J 2018; 8: 9S.
  • Jin M, Lei L, Li F, Zheng B. Does Robot Navigation and Intraoperative Computed Tomography Guidance Help with Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy? A Match-Paired Study. World Neurosurg 2021; 147: e459–e467.
  • Qin H, Deng L, Xu L, Mu Q, Luo X, Huang S et al. Puncture and localization for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with C-arm navigation: a randomized controlled cadaver trial. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9: 1730.
  • Wu B, Wei T, Yao Z, Yang S, Yao Y, Fu C et al. A real-time 3D electromagnetic navigation system for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in patients with lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2022; 23: 57.
  • Shen J, Shaaya E, Bae J, Telfeian AE. Endoscopic Spine Surgery of the Cervicothoracic Spine: A Review of Current Applications. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 15: S93–S103.
  • Gao A, Yang H, Zhu L, Hu Z, Lu B, Jin Q et al. Comparison of Interlaminar and Transforaminal Approaches for Treatment of L 5 /S 1 Disc Herniation by Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy. Orthop Surg 2021; 13: 63–70.
  • Telfeian AE. Endoscopic foraminotomy for recurrent lumbar radiculopathy after TLIF: Technical report. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6: 62.
  • Telfeian AE, Moldovan K, Shaaya E, Syed S, Oyelese A, Fridley J et al. Awake, Endoscopic Revision Surgery for Lumbar Pseudarthrosis After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Technical Notes. World Neurosurgery 2020; 136: 117–121.
  • Ao S, Wu J, Tang Y, Zhang C, Li J, Zheng W et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Assisted by O-Arm-Based Navigation Improves the Learning Curve. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019: 6509409.
  • Zhou Z, Ni H-J, Hu S, Fan Y-S, Wang C-F, Chen X et al. Original Designed Uniportal-Bichannel Spinal Endoscopic System (UBiSES) for Foraminoplasty in Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy. Orthop Surg 2021. doi:10.1111/os.13050.
  • Telfeian AE, Veeramani A, Zhang AS, Quinn MS, Daniels AH. Transforaminal 360° lumbar endoscopic foraminotomy in postfusion patients: technical note and case series. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; : 1–7.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL. Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Treatment for Posterior Migration of Polyetheretherketone Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cage: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2021; 147: e437–e443.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Camara-Quintana JQ, Niu T, Gokaslan ZL. Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Treatment for Postlaminectomy Lumbar Radiculopathy: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2021; 150: e577–e584.
  • Yu Y, Jiang Y, Xu F, Mao Y, Yuan L, Li C. A novel vertebral trench technique (VTT) involving transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF) for very highly up-migrated lumbar disc herniation above L5. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021; 22: 693.
  • Wu J, Liu H, Ao S, Zheng W, Li C, Li H et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Technical Note and Preliminary Clinical Experience with 2-Year Follow-Up. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 5806037.
  • Middleton SD, Wagner R, Gibson JA. Multi-level spine endoscopy: a review of available evidence and case report. EFORT open reviews 2017; 2: 317–323.
  • Tacconi L, Spinelli R, Serra G, Signorelli F, Giordan E. Full-Endoscopic Removal of Lumbar Juxtafacet Cysts: A Prospective Multicentric Study. World Neurosurgery 2020; 141: e414–e422.
  • Porto GBF, Cisewski SE, Wolgamott L, Frankel BM. Clinical outcomes for patients with lateral lumbar radiculopathy treated by percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy versus tubular microdiscectomy: A retrospective review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2021; 208: 106848.
  • Krzok G, Telfeian AE, Wagner R, Hofstetter CP, Iprenburg M. Contralateral facet-sparing sublaminar endoscopic foraminotomy for the treatment of lumbar lateral recess stenosis: technical note. J Spine Surg 2017; 3: 260–266.
  • Hussain I, Rapoport BI, Krause K, Kinney G, Hofstetter CP, Elowitz E. Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Foraminotomy with Modified Radiofrequency Nerve Stimulator and Continuous Electromyography Under General Anesthesia. World Neurosurg 2020; 137: 102–110.
  • Konakondla S, Sofoluke N, Xia J, Grant R, Telfeian AE, Hofstetter CP et al. Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach for Large-Sample Tumor Biopsy using Beveled Working Channel for Core Technique: A Technical Note. World Neurosurg 2020; 141: 346–351.
  • Jasper GP, Francisco GM, Telfeian AE. Endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for an extruded lumbar disc herniation. Pain Physician 2013; 16: E31-35.
  • Lin Y-P, Wang S-L, Hu W-X, Chen B-L, Du Y-X, Zhao S et al. Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty and Decompression by Using a Visualization Reamer for Lumbar Lateral Recess and Foraminal Stenosis in Elderly Patients. World Neurosurg 2020; 136: e83–e89.
  • Chen C, Ma X, Zhao D, Yang H, Xu B, Wang Z et al. Full Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty with Periendoscopic Visualized Trephine Technique for Lumbar Disc Herniation with Migration and/or Foraminal or Lateral Recess Stenosis. World Neurosurg 2021; 148: e658–e666.
  • Xiong C, Li T, Kang H, Hu H, Han J, Xu F. Early outcomes of 270-degree spinal canal decompression by using TESSYS-ISEE technique in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with disk herniation. Eur Spine J 2019; 28: 78–86.
  • Li J, Xu C, Zhang X, Xi Z, Liu M, Fang Z et al. TELD with limited foraminoplasty has potential biomechanical advantages over TELD with large annuloplasty: an in-silico study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021; 22: 616.
  • Kim HS, Wu PH, Jang I-T. Lumbar Degenerative Disease Part 1: Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Intervertebral Discogenic Pain and Radiofrequency Ablation of Basivertebral and Sinuvertebral Nerve Treatment for Chronic Discogenic Back Pain: A Prospective Case Series and Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21: E1483.
  • Telfeian AE. An awake, minimally-invasive, fully-endoscopic surgical technique for treating lumbar radiculopathy secondary to heterotopic foraminal bone formation after a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with BMP: technical note. J Spine Surg 2018; 4: 162–166.
  • Li X, Jin L, Lv Z, Su X, Wang K, Shen H et al. Efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression treatment for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis in elderly patients. Exp Ther Med 2019. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8337.
  • Jing Z, Li L, Song J. Delayed neurological deficits caused by cement extravasation following vertebroplasty: a case report. J Int Med Res 2021; 49: 03000605211019664.
  • Syed S, Telfeian AE, Houle P, Wagner R, Oyelese A, Fridley J et al. Four Complications Associated with Lateral and Oblique Fusion Treatable with Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Technical Note and Case Series. Pain Physician 2020; 23: E665–E671.
  • Gibson JNA, Subramanian AS, Scott CEH. A randomised controlled trial of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy vs microdiscectomy. Eur Spine J 2017; 26: 847–856.
  • Pan F, Shen B, Chy SK, Yong Z, Liu X, Ba Z et al. Transforaminal endoscopic system technique for discogenic low back pain: A prospective Cohort study. Int J Surg 2016; 35: 134–138.
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  • Shen J, Telfeian AE, Shaaya E, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL. Full endoscopic cervical spine surgery. J Spine Surg 2020; 6: 383–390.
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