Literature and Studies

Smartphone applications for remote patient monitoring reduces clinic utilization after full-endoscopic spine surgery
Leyendecker, J., Prasse, T., Bieler, E., Yap, N., Eysel, P., Bredow, J., Hofstetter, C.P.,
Members of the Endoscopic Spine Research Group (ESRG) (2024). Journal of
Telemedicine and Telecare; doi: 10.1177/1357633X241229466

Advancements in technique and technology of minimally invasive and endoscopic spine surgery
Mahan, M. A., Kim, H.-S. (Harrison), Snyder, L. A., & Fessler, R. G. (2024). Focus: Video,
10(2), V1. https://doi.org/10.3171/2024.1.FOCVID23218
Advances and Challenges of Endoscopic Spine Surgery
Burkett, D., & Brooks, N. (2024); Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(5); 5. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051439

Current Indications for Spinal Endoscopic Surgery and Potential for Future Expansion
Chen, K.-T., Kim, J.-S., Huang, A. P.-H., Lin, M. H.-C., & Chen, C.-M. (2023). Neurospine, 20(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346190.095

Current Status and research hotspots in the field of full endoscopic spine surgery: A bibliometric analysis
Lin G-X, Zhu M-T, Kotheeranurak V, Lyu P, Chen C-M, Hu B-S; Front. Surg. (2022) 9

Evolution of endoscopic transforaminal lumbar approach for degenerative lumbar disease
Kim HS, Raorane HD, Wu PH, Yi YJ, Jang IT; Spine Surg 2020;6(2):424-437

Worldwide research productivity in the field of full-endoscopic spine surgery: a bibliometric study
Lin G-X, Kotheeranurak V, Mahatthanatrakul A, Ruetten S, Yeung A, Lee S-H, Ahn Y, Kim H-S, Hofstetter C, Lee J-H, Choi K-C, Lewandrowski K-U, Kim J-S; European Spine
Journal (2020) 29: 153-160

The evolution of interlaminar endoscopic spine surgery
Chen KT, Jabri H, Lokanath YK, Song M-S, Kim J-S; J Spine Surg (2020) 6(2): 502–512

The evolution of minimally invasive spine surgery
Yoon JW, Wang MY; J Neurosurg Spine (2019) 30:149-158

A History of Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: What Have We Learnt?
Mayer MH; Hindawi BioMed Research Int (2019): ID 4583943

Unsuccessful Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Single-Center
Experience of 10,228 Cases
Choi K-C, Lee J-H, Kim J-S, Sabal LA, Lee S, Kim H, and Lee S-H; Neurosurgery (2015) 76,
no. 4: 372–80

Learning curve of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy
Hsu HT, Chang SJ, Yang SS, Chai CL; Eur. Spine J (2013) 22 (4): 727-733

Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar and Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy Versus
Conventional Microsurgical Technique: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study
Ruetten S, Komp M, Merk H, Godolias G; Spine (2008) 33 (9):931-939

Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation:
A Prospective, Cohort Evaluation of 262 Consecutive Cases
Hoogland D, van den Brekel-Dijkstra K, Schubert M, Miklitz B;
Spine (2008) 33.9:973-978

Posterolateral Endoscopic Excision for Lumbar Disc Herniation: Surgical Technique,
Outcome, and Complications in 307 Consecutive Cases
Yeung AT, Tsou PM; Spine (2002) 27 (7): 722-731

Percutaneous Posterolateral Lumbar Discectomy and Decompression with a
6.9-Millimeter Cannula
Schaffer JL, Kambin P; The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (1991); 73 (6): 822–831

Full-endoscopic spinal decompression or discectomy show benefits regarding 30-day readmission rates when compared to other spine surgery techniques: a propensity score matched analysis.
Leyendecker J, Mahan M, Findlay MC, Prasse T, Köster M, Rumswinkel L, Shenker T, Eysel P, Bredow J, Zaki MM, Konakondla S, Kashlan ON, Derman, P, Telfeian A, Hofstetter C, on behalf of the Endoscopic Spine Research Group (ESRG). The Spine Journal 2024; : S1529943024011550.

Full-endoscopic versus microscopic spinal decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review & meta-analysis
B. Z., Yong, J. H., Wang, E., Sim, S. I., Lin, S., Wu, P. H., & Hey, H. W. D. (2024).
The Spine Journal, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2023.12.009

Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy Versus Open Microdiscectomy for Sciatica: Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Gadjradj PS, Harhangi BS; Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2022 Sep 15; 47(18): E591-E594

Full endoscopic versus open discectomy for sciatica: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Gadjradj PS, Rubinstein SM, Peul WC, Depauw PR, Vleggeert-Lankamp CL, Seiger A,
van Susante JLC, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW, Harhangi BS; BMJ (2022) 376: e065846

Comparative Effects and Safety of Full-Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Spinal Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis and Statistical Power
Analysis of 6 Randomized Controlled Trials
Yang Z, Wang H, Li W, Hu W; Neurospine (2022) 19: 996–1005

Biomechanics of Transforaminal Endoscopic Approaches
Farshad M, Hagel V, Spirig JM, Fasser M-R, Burkhard MD, Widmer J, Calek A-K; Spine
(Phila Pa 1976) (2022)

Endoscopic decompression for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: an updated
systematic review and meta-analysis
Perez-Roman RJ, Gaztanaga W, Lu VM, Wang MY; J Neurosurg Spine (2021): 1–9

Spinal endoscopy: evidence, techniques, global trends, and future projections
Simpson AK, Lightsey HM 4th, Xiong GX, Crawford AM, Minamide A, Schoenfeld AJ;
Spine J. 2021 Jul 13:S1529-9430(21)00819-6

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy compared with other surgeries for
lumbar disc herniation: A meta-analysis
Bai X, Lian Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Jiang M, Zhang H, Pei B, Hu C, Yang Q; Medicine
(Baltimore). 2021 Mar 5; 100(9):e24747

Expanded Indications of Full Endoscopic Spine Sugery
Krishnan A, Kim HS, Raj A, and Dave BR; J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech (2021):6(Suppl 1): S130-S156

Comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes of full-endoscopic versus
microscopic lumbar decompression laminectomy for the treatment of lumbar
spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tang S, Mok TN, He Q, Li L, Lai X, Sin TH, Deng J, Yu S, Li J, Wu H, ; Ann Palliat Med
(2021): apm-21-198

AOSpine Consensus Paper on Nomenclature for Working-Channel Endoscopic
Spinal Procedures
Hofstetter CP, Ahn Y, Choi G, Gibson JNA, Ruetten S, Zhou Y, Li ZZ, Siepe CJ,
Wagner R, Lee JH, Sairyo K, Choi KC, Chen CM, Telfeian AE, Zhang X, Banhot A,
Lokhande PV, Prada N, Shen J, Cortinas FC, Brooks NP, Van Daele P, Kotheeranurak V,
Hasan S, Keorochana G, Assous M, Härtl R, Kim JS;
Global Spine J (2020) 10(25): 111-121

Is Endoscopic Discectomy the Next Gold Standard in the Management of Lumbar Disc
Disease? Systematic Review and Superiority Analysis
Muthu S, Ramakrishnan E, Chellamuthu G; Global Spine J. (2020) Sept: 1-17

The Endoscopic Approach to Lumbar Discectomy, Fusion, and Enhanced Recovery:
A Review
Liounakos JI, Wang MY; Global Spine J. 2020 Apr;10(2 Suppl):65S-69S

The benefit zone of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Hasan S, Härtl R, Hofstetter CP; J. Spine Surg. (2019) 5(Suppl 1): S41-S56

Outcomes of endoscopic discectomy compared with open microdiscectomy and
tubular discectomy for lumbar disc herniations: a meta-analysis
Barber SM, Nakhla J, Konakondla S, Fridley JS, Oyelese AA, Gokaslan ZL, Telfeian AE;
J. Neurosurg Spine (2019) 6: 1-14

Endoscopic spine discectomy: indications and outcomes
Ahn Y; International Orthopaedics (2019) 43: 909–916

A randomised controlled trial of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy vs
microdiscectomy
Gibson JNA, Subramanian AS, Scott CEH; Eur Spine J (2017) 26:847–856

Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Distance Patients Will Travel for Minimally Invasive
Spine Surgery
Telfeian AE, Iprenburg M, Wagner R; Pain Physician (2017) 20:E145-E149

Transforaminal endoscopic spinal surgery: The future ‘gold standard’ for
discectomy? A review
Gibson JNA, Cowie JG, Iprenburg M; The Surgeon (2012) 10.5:290-296

How Do the True Intraoperative Costs of Endoscopic Diskectomy Compare With Microdiskectomy for Lumbar Disk Herniations? A Time-Driven Activity-Based Cost Analysis
Leibold, A., Sarikonda, A., Tecce, E., Sami, A., Mansoor Ali, D., Thalheimer, S., Heller, J., Prasad, S. K., Sharan, A., Jallo, J., Harrop, J., Vaccaro, A. R., & Sivaganesan, A. (2024). Operative Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/ons.0000000000001204

Economic comparisons of endoscopic spine surgery: A systematic review
Golan, J. D., Elkaim, L. M., Alrashidi, Q., Georgiopoulos, M., & Lasry, O. (2023).
European Spine Journal. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07699-0

Cost-effectiveness of full endoscopic versus open discectomy for sciatica
Gadjradj PS, Broulikova HM, Dongen JM van, Rubinstein SM, Depauw PR, Vleggeert C, Seiger A, Peul WC, van Susante JL, van Tulder MW, Harhangi BS; Br J Sports Med (2022): doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104808

Comparison of direct costs of percutaneous full-endoscopic interlaminar lumbar discectomy and microdiscectomy: Results from Turkey
Ünsal ÜÜ, Şentürk S.; Ideggyogy Sz (2021) 74: 197–205

Cost-effectiveness of microdiscectomy versus endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation
Choi K-C, Shim H-K, Kim J-S, Cha KH, Lee DC, Kim ER, Kim MJ, Park C-K;
Spine J (2019) 19: 1162–1169

A Cost-utility Analysis of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for
L5-S1 Lumbar Disc Herniation: Transforaminal versus Interlaminar
Wang D, Xie W, Cao W, He S, Fan G, Zhang H; Spine (Phila Pa 1976) (2019) 44:
563–570

Efficacy of Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System (TESSYS) Technique in
Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation
Pan Z, Ha Y, Yi S, Cao K; Med Sci Monit (2016) 22:530-539

Evolution of Cervical Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Current Progress and Future Directions—A Narrative Review
Huang, C.-C., Fitts, J., Huie, D., Bhowmick, D. A., & Abd-El-Barr, M. M. (2024). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(7), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072122

Evaluating the effectiveness of the transcorporeal approach in minimally invasive spine surgery for cervical spinal disease: a comprehensive review and technical insights
Liu Y, Suvithayasiri S, Van Isseldyk F, Kotheeranurak V, Jitpakdee K, Choi K-C, Choi G, Bae J, Kim J-S. (2024) BMC Surgery, 24:311, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-024-02611-z

Full Endoscopic Spine Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Systematic Review
Chang, C.-J., Liu, Y.-F., Hsiao, Y.-M., Chang, W.-L., Hsu, C.-C., Liu, K.-C., Huang, Y.-H., Yeh, M.-L., & Lin, C.-L. (2023). World Neurosurgery, 175, 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.012

Learning curve for endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy
Perfetti DC, Rogers-LaVanne MP, Satin AM, Yap N, Khan I, Kim P, Hofstetter CP, Derman
PB; Eur Spine J (2023): doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07623-6

Microscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Posterior Percutaneous
Endoscopic Cervical Keyhole Foraminotomy for Single-level Unilateral Cervical
Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Guo L, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li J, Zhao H, Gao Y, Chen C; Clinical Spine Surgery (2023) 36: 59

The first experience with fully endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy and
discectomy for radiculopathy performed in Viet Duc University Hospital
Dinh SN, Dinh HT; Sci Rep (2022) 12: 8314

Clinical efficacy and learning curve of posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical
laminoforaminotomy for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy
Yao R, Yan M, Liang Q, Wang H, Liu Z, Li F, Zhang H, Li K, Sun F; Medicine (2022) 101:
e30401

Comparison of Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Keyhole Foraminotomy versus
Microscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Single Level Unilateral
Cervical Radiculopathy
Ma W, Peng Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gan K, Zhao X, Xu D; IJGM (2022) 15: 6897–6907

Clinical Efficacy of Posterior Percutaneous Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy with
Bilateral Decompression for Symptomatic Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Zhao X-B, Ma Y-J, Ma H-J, Zhang X-Y, Zhou H-G; Orthop Surg (2022): doi:10.1111/
os.13237

Outcome of Anterior and Posterior Endoscopic Procedures for Cervical Radiculopathy
Due to Degenerative Disk Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Alomar SA, Maghrabi Y, Baeesa SS, Alves ÓL; Global Spine J (2021); 21925682211037270

Comparative evaluation of posterior percutaneous endoscopy cervical discectomy
using a 3.7 mm endoscope and a 6.9 mm endoscope for cervical disc herniation:
a retrospective comparative cohort study
Yu T, Wu J-P, Zhang J, Yu H-C, Liu Q-Y; BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2021) 22: 131

Full endoscopic cervical spine surgery
Shen J, Telfeian AE, Shaaya E, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL; J Spine Surgery (2020)
6(2): 383–390

Full endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression of the cervical
spine: surgical technique and early experience
Carr DA, Abecassis IJ, Hofstetter CP; J Spine Surg (2020) 6: 447–456

Endoscopic Versus Traditional Thoracic Discectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Series and Meta-Analysis
Sofoluke, N., Leyendecker, J., Barber, S., Reardon, T., Bieler, E., Patel, A., Kashlan, O., Bredow, J., Eysel, P., Gardocki, R. J., Hasan, S., Telfeian, A. E., Hofstetter, C. P., Konakondla, S., & Endoscopic Spine Research Group (ESRG). (2024). Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000003034

Reliability of a Novel Classification System for Thoracic Disc Herniations
Farber, S. H., Walker, C. T., Zhou, J. J., Godzik, J., Gandhi, S. V., de Andrada Pereira, B., Koffie, R. M., Xu, D. S., Sciubba, D. M., Shin, J. H., Steinmetz, M. P., Wang, M. Y., Shaffrey, C. I., Kanter, A. S., Yen, C.-P., Chou, D., Blaskiewicz, D. J., Phillips, F. M., Park, P., … Uribe, J. S. (2023). Spine. https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000004701

Full-endoscopic discectomy for thoracic disc herniations: a single-arm meta-analysis of
safety and efficacy outcomes
Silva JDS, Carelli LE, de Oliveira JAA, de Araújo RML; Eur Spine J (2023)

Comparison of the Short-Term Efficacy of Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic
Decompression and Laminectomy in the Treatment of Thoracic Ossification of the
Ligamentum Flavum
Bian F, Zhang J, Bian G, Wang D, Chen B, An Y; World Neurosurgery (2022): doi:10.1016/j.
wneu.2022.11.093

Comparative Analysis of Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy and Microscopic
Discectomy for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation
Bae J, Kim J, Lee S-H, Kim J-S; Neurospine (2022) 19: 555–562

Treatment of Refractory Multilevel Thoracic Spondylodiscitis Using Ultra-Minimally
Invasive Endoscopic Approach for Debridement and Drainage: A Technical Note,
Intraoperative Video and Literature Review
Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Telfeian A, Konakondla S; World Neurosurgery (2022)

Full Endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Pathology: Next Step after Mastering Lumbar and
Cervical Endoscopic Spine Surgery?
Bae J, Lee S-H, Wagner R, Shen J, Telfeian AE; BioMed Research International (2022):
e8345736

Comparative Clinical and Radiographic Cohort Study: Uniportal Thoracic Endoscopic
Laminotomy With Bilateral Decompression by Using the 1-Block Resection Technique
and Thoracic Open Laminotomy With Bilateral Decompression for Thoracic Ossified
Ligamentum Flavum
Kim HS, Wu PH, Kim J-Y, Lee YJ, Kim DH, Lee JH, Jeon JB, Jang I-T; Oper Neurosurg
(Hagerstown) 2022

Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic thoracic decompression and posterior
thoracic laminectomy for treating thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum:
a retrospective study
Yang F-K, Li P-F, Dou C-T, Yu R-B, Chen B; BMC Surgery (2022) 22: 85

Full endoscopic surgery for thoracic pathology: an assessment of supportive evidence
Gibson R, Wagner R, Gibson A; EOR, volume 6, January 2021

Endoscopic Spine Surgery of the Cervicothoracic Spine: A Review of Current Applications
Shen J, Shaaya E, Bae J, Telfeian AE; Int J Spine Surg (2021) 15: S93–S103

Five-Year Outcomes After Transforaminal Endoscopic Foraminotomy and Discectomy
for Soft and Calcified Thoracic Disc Herniations
Houra K, Saftic R, Knight M; Int J Spine Surg (2021): doi:10.14444/8071

Thoracic Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Review
Fiani B, Siddiqi I, Reardon T, Sarhadi K, Newhouse A, Gilliland B, Davati C, Villait A; Int J
Spine Surg (2020); 14(5): 762-7713

Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy with foraminoplasty for the
treatment of thoracic disc herniation
Bae J, Chachan S, Shin S-H, Lee S-H; J. Spine Surg (2020) 6(2): 397-404

Fully Endoscopic 360° Decompression Surgery for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis:
Technical Note and Report of 8 Cases
Shen J, Telfeian AE; Pain Physician (2020) 23: E659–E663

Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Decompression for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis Under
Local Anesthesia
Cheng X-K, Chen B; World Neurosurgery (2020) 139: 488–494

Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy in the Upper and Midthoracic Spine:
A Technical Note
Bae J, Chachan S, Shin S-H, Lee S-H; Neurospine (2019) 16: 148–153

Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Approach Selection — A Systematic Review
And Proposed Algorithm
Kotheeranurak V, Liawrungrueang W, Quillo-Olvera J, Siepe CJ, Li ZZ, Lokhande PV, Choi
G, Ahn Y, Chen CM, Choi KC, Van Isseldyk F, Hagel V, Koichi S, Hofstetter CP, Del Curto D,
Zhou Y, Bolai C, Bae JS, Assous M, Lin GX, Jitpakdee K, Liu Y, Kim J-S; Spine (2023)

Impact of the learning curve of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy on
clinical outcomes: a systematic review
Ali R, Hagan MJ, Bajaj A, Alastair Gibson JN, Hofstetter CP, Waschke A, Lewandrowski
K-U, Telfeian AE; Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery (2023):101738

Initial learning curve after switching to uniportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar
disc herniations
Olinger C, Coffman A, Campion C, Thompson K, Gardocki R; Eur Spine J 2023

Clinical efficacy of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar
degenerative diseases: A minimum 6-year follow-up
Tang J, Li Y, Wu C, Xie W, Li X, Gan X, Lu Q; Front Surg (2022) 9: 1004709

A comparative study of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy and
transforaminal discectomy for L5-S1 calcified lumbar disc herniation
Cheng Y-P, Cheng X-K, Wu H; BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2022) 23: 244

Indications and Contraindications of Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar
Decompression
Wagner R, Haefner M; World Neurosurg (2021) 145: 657–662

Comparison of Interlaminar and Transforaminal Approaches for Treatment of L5/S1
Disc Herniation by Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy
Gao A, Yang H, Zhu L, Hu Z, Lu B, Jin Q, Wang Y, Gu X; Orthop Surg (2021) 13: 63–70

Technical Considerations of Interlaminar Approach for Lumbar Disc Herniation
Chen KT, Tseng C, Sun LW, Chang KS, Chen CM. World Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;145:612-620

Technical Considerations of the Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Disk Herniation
Ju CI; World Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;145:597-611

Endoscopic and Microscopic Interlaminar Discectomy for the Treatment of Far-
Migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Study with a 24-Month Follow-Up
Yang F, Ren L, Ye Q, Qi J, Xu K, Chen R, Fan X; Journal of Pain Research. 2021

Clinical Efficacy Study of the Quadrant Channel and Delta Large Channel Technique in
the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Diseases
Zhang J-J, Zhou C-L, Sun C, Xu D-R, Bao M, Liu Y; Journal of General Medicine. 2021

Comparison of the Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar
Discectomy and Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy at the L5-S1 Level
Song SK, Son S, Choi SW, Kim HK; Pain Physician (2021) 24: E467–E475

Clinical Comparison of Full-Endoscopic and Microscopic Unilateral Laminotomy
for Bilateral Decompression in the Treatment of Elderly Lumbar Spinal stenosis:
A Retrospective Study with 12-Month Follow-Up
Yang F, Chen R, Gu D, Ye Q, Liu W, Qi J, Xu K, Fan Xiaohong; J Pain Res (2020) 13: 1377–1384

Minimum 2-Year Efficacy of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy versus
Microendoscopic Discectomy: A Meta-Analysis
Xu J, Li Y, Wang B, Lv G, Li L, Dai Y, Jiang B, Zheng Z; World Neurosurg (2020) 138: 19-26

Clinical outcomes of MED and iLESSYS® Delta for the treatment of lumbar central spinal
stenosis and lateral recess stenosis: A comparison study
Wu B, Xiong C, Tan L, Zhao D, Xu F, Kang H; Experimental Therapeutic Medicine (2020);
20:252-262

The Endoscopic Trans-Superior Articular Process Approach: A Novel Minimally
Invasive Surgical Corridor to the Lateral Recess
Hasan S, White-Dzuro B, Barber JK, Wagner R, Hofstetter CP; Oper Neurosurg
(Hagerstown) 2020; 19: E1–E10

Comparison of clinical outcomes following minimally invasive or lumbar endoscopic
unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression
McGrath LB, White-Dzuro GA, Hofstetter CP; J Neurosurg Spine (2019): 1–9

Comparison of full-endoscopic and minimally invasive decompression for lumbar spinal
stenosis in the setting of degenerative scoliosis and spondylolisthesis
Hasan S, McGrath LB, Sen RD, Barber JK, Hofstetter CP; Neurosurg Focus (2019) 46: E16

Contralateral facet-sparing sublaminar endoscopic foraminotomy for the treatment of
lumbar lateral recess stenosis: technical note
Krzok G, Telfeian AE, Wagner R, Hofstetter CP, Iprenburg M; J Spine Surg (2017) 3(2): 260-266

Foraminoplastic Superior Vertebral Notch Approach with Reamers in Percutaneous
Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: Technical Note and Clinical Outcome in Limited
Indications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Lee CW, Yoon KJ, Ha SH, Kang JK; J Korean Neurosurg Soc (2016) 59 (2): 172-181

Efficacy of Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System (TESSYS) Technique in Treating
Lumbar Disc Herniation
Pan Z, Ha Y, Yi S, Cao K; Med Sci Monit (2016) 22:530-539

Endoscopic surgery for multilevel spinal stenosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis
and subgroup analysis of uniportal and biportal approaches.
González-Murillo M, Castro-Toral J, Bonome-González C, de Mon-Montoliú JÁ.
Asian Spine Journal 2025. https://asianspinejournal.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.31616/
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Comparison of clinical outcomes and complications of biportal and uniportal endoscopic decompression for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li J, and Zhang T. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2024; 35: 583–593.

How to begin unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) for segmental lumbar degenerative
disease: A step-by-step guide to perfect patient positioning and surgical approach,
avoiding common pitfalls
Sellier, A., Lechanoine, F., Lonjon, G., Beucler, N., Cam, P., & Cristini, J. (2024).
Neurosurgical Review, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-024-02674-9

Unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy versus microdiscectomy for lumbar disc
herniation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Feng, Z., Zhao, Z., Cui, W., Meng, X., & Hai, Y. (2024). European Spine Journal, 33(6),
2139–2153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-08116-2

Clinical outcomes and complications after biportal endoscopic spine surgery:
A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 3673 cases
Park, D. Y., Upfill-Brown, A., Curtin, N., Hamad, C. D., Shah, A., Kwon, B., Kim, Y. H.,
Heo, D. H., Park, C. W., & Sheppard, W. L. (2023). European Spine Journal.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-07701-9

Comparison of full-endoscopic foraminoplasty and lumbar discectomy (FEFLD),
unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) discectomy, and microdiscectomy (MD) for
symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
Chang, H., Xu, J., Yang, D., Sun, J., Gao, X., & Ding, W. (2023). European Spine Journal,
32(2), 542–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-022-07510-6

Treatment Concept and Technical Considerations of Biportal Endoscopic Spine
Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Park, J., Ahn, D.-K., & Choi, D.-J. (2023). Asian Spine Journal.
DOI: 10.31616/asj.2023.0409

Uniportal versus biportal endoscopic spine surgery: A comprehensive review
Ahn, Y., & Lee, S. (2023). Expert Review of Medical Devices, 20:7, 549-556,
DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2214678

Unilateral biportal endoscopic versus uniportal full-endoscopic for lumbar degenerative
disease: A meta-analysis
He, Y., Wang, H., Yu, Z., Yin, J., Jiang, Y., & Zhou, D. (2022). Journal of Orthopaedic Science:
Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, S0949-2658(22)00307-4.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.10.019

The Role and Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Spine Surgery of Treating Spinal
Metastases; Outcomes of 29 Cases From 8 Countries
Suvithayasiri, S., Kim, Y.-J., Liu, Y., Trathitephun, W., Asawasaksaku, A., Quillo-Olvera,
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